Review Of Hairspray By John Waters - 1319 Words

From Grease to Rent, musical comedies have been known to enlighten viewers on specific issues while keeping the context of the musical pleasurable and easy to enjoy. The 2007 musical film Hairspray is a satire of Baltimore in the early 1960’s while going through the Civil Rights movement. Through this romantic comedy, the agon of African-American civil rights and other power struggles among race gender, and class are depicted through certain comic techniques to keep the musical lighthearted but meaningful. The 2007 play, Hairspray, is based off of a 2002 Broadway musical which was ultimately based off the 1988 comedy film by John Waters also named Hairspray. It begins in 1962 just before the Civil Rights movements took place. A plump teenager named Tracy Turnblad wants to audition for a local television dancing show, â€Å"The Corny Collins Show,†but her mother Edna won’t let her follow her dreams of being famous. Edna thinks she will get hurt because she doesn t look like the perfect girl they typically allow on the show, but rather a plus sized version of them. Regardless of her weight, Tracy s dance moves get her on the show where she meets her crush, Link. With plump Tracy on the show and new changes in the air, the theme of equality reoccurs as Tracy fights to make the show integrated, causing â€Å"Negro Day† on the show to be an everyday occurrence. Along with its camp aesthetic, the comedy is full of slapstick humor and parabasis recurrence to demonstrat e the main powerShow MoreRelatedHuman Anatomy and Physiology an Introduction to Respiration3669 Words   |  15 Pagesrather than air generally and that in fact where a fire burns readily there we can easily breathe. He was close to conceptualizing oxygen here but this had to wait until Priestley’s work or perhaps the research of Lavoisier (1743-1794). However, John Mayow (1641-1679) an English chemist had come very close to this conclusion in his experiments. He said that air entered the lungs during inspiration simply because the pressure or elastic force of the atmosphere drove it in to fill in the increasedRead MoreEstee Lauder Companies : Ethical Strategy Analysis9260 Words   |  38 Pageseffect’, the cosmetics and personal care industry has not been protected from the economic downturn. Analysts argue recent alterations to the market and changes in consumer behavior might be here to stay. It will behoove luxury cosmetic companies to review current prices in or der to maintain their consumer and retail customer bases during and after this economic crisis, for it will be imperative to justify the current value of their products. Competitive Nature of the Cosmetics

Stages Of Development Of Birth Pregnancy Essay - 1080 Words

D1: 1.1: describe stages of development from conception to birth. Important stages of pregnancy: Pregnancy is counted from the first day of the mother s last period. Important development immediately takes place after fertilisation of egg and sperm cells. It divides into many cells in the first week, which forms a zygote made out of 100 to 150 cells that are already differentiating. In the second week, the zygote is then changed to an embryo and it sticks to the uterine wall. This process takes up to nine months to form and develop a baby. Conception: Out of hundreds of eggs and millions of sperm, only one egg and sperm join together at conception. This process takes place in women fallopian tube. The fertilised egg moves to towards uterus to implant in it for next nine months. During this journey, the zygote divides into 12 to 16 cells before reaching the uterus. Normally Pregnancy last 37 to 42 weeks (the average is 40 weeks). Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, ‘first trimesters’, ‘second trimesters’ and ‘third trimesters’. First trimester: By 12 weeks of pregnancy the foetus will be fully formed. The ovum grows and develops certain important parts of the baby’s body such as spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs in the first four weeks from conception. The heart starts beating and brain and other organs forms by eight weeks. At this stage, the face is formed and arms and legs start to move. The baby grows to 3 inches long andShow MoreRelatedThe Experience of Becoming a Mother 1807 Words   |  7 Pagesthe growing baby in womb during the pregnancy time can make women enjoy the exciting moment and help in reduce the nervous of giving birth. According to Trish (2004), pregnancy is a special time and a healthy life event. During pregnancy time, women also go through every emotional phase in her life time. A pregnancy woman’s body also will undergoes some physical change. The changes is important to assist for fetal development. There are three stages of pregnan cy which are the first trimester, secondRead MorePrenatal Development782 Words   |  4 PagesPrenatal development is the period in development from conception to the onset of labor. Perinatal period is the period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth. Postnatal development is the period in development the follows directly after birth. The germinal stage is the stage lasting about ten -fourteen days following conception before the fertilized egg becomes implanted in the uterine wall. The embryonic stage is the stage in whichRead MorePrenatal Development : A Fragile Phase Of Fetal Development1558 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development is a very fragile phase of fetal development that can be affect by environmental factors and maternal factors. Prenatal development is the process in which a human fetus develops during pregnancy. The development of a new life is an exciting time for most people and this essay will discuss the process in which that new life is created. It will also discuss the things that could be harmful to the development of that new life during its prenatal development term such as environmentalRead MorePregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use1353 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Drug Use i Pregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use Sarah McVicker Psychology 201 Lifespan Development Professor Sally Vyain October 7, 2007 Pregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use It is very important for a mother to lead a healthy lifestyle when she becomes pregnant. She must eat healthy, get lots of rest, and exercise regularly. It is even more imperative that she avoids things that may harm her or potentially her baby. Amongst things she must avoid, alcohol, cigarettesRead MorePrenatal, Birth And Perinatal Development1170 Words   |  5 Pageshighlight the risks during prenatal, birth and perinatal development and discuss the longterm effects on a child and what medical advances have been developed to prevent or lessen them. There are three main stages to prenatal development; the germinal stage, embryonic stage and fetal stage. This process is largely determined by genetics and is usually fairly similar for the majority of human beings. Perinatal development is the period just before and just after birth. One key risk that may affect theRead MoreDrug And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthis could have an adverse effect on the child development. UNICEF (2007) was at the forefront of agitating against drug and substance abuse during pregnancy. Studies had also found out that more than 20% of mothers in the United States alone had smoked during pregnancy (Coles, 2010).Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, prescription drugs and heroin are some of the drugs that were singled out to have been abused by various mothers during pregnancy (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). AccordingRead MoreMy Future Career As A Midwife Or Obstetrician / Gynecologist885 Words   |  4 Pagesood development I have learned so many things that will help benefit my future career as a Registered Nurse working to become a Midwife or Obstetrician/Gynecologist . As well as my life in general, as I want to be a mother one day. In this class, I have been able to walk away with so much new information. I have been taught the 7 styles of learning, which consist of; Visual (spatial), Aural (auditory-musical), Verbal (linguistic), Physical (kinesthetic), Solitary (intrapersonal), Social (interpersonal)Read MoreThe Parent Education Class : A Voluntary Program For The Parents853 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the first trimester of pregnancy. This will allow parents to have the rest of the pregnancy to go to classes that they might have missed due to other appointments. The class will have two times in the day that the parents can attend, midday and at night. This should also help accommodate the parents. The primary goal is to be able to reach as many parents as possible that want to take the class. The three units would cover: transitions to parenthood, the pregnancy, childbirth, caring for infantsRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Life During The Three Stages Of Pregnancy Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Developme nt of Human Life during the Three Stages of Pregnancy Specific Purpose Statement: After listening to my speech, my audience will be informed about the three stages of pregnancy which includes the first, second and third trimester. Introduction: I. Has any of you experienced or know somebody who has experienced the stages of pregnancy? II. Pregnancy is the most beautiful phase of life. You can feel an abstract feeling of motherhood. The feeling of new life growing inside of you is veryRead MoreThe Stages of Fertilization, Embryo, and Childbirth Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesAC 2.3 THE STAGES OF A DEVELOPING EMBRYO An embryo is an unborn baby in the process of development, this development process lasts 8 weeks and is called the embryonic stage. An embryo turns into a foetus after the eighth week of development. Below is a table showing the weekly development of the embryo. AC 2.4 THE ROLE OF THE PLACENTA THE PLACENTA The Placenta is an organ which is attached to the uterine lining during pregnancy. The placenta begins its development from implantation of the blastocyst

A Framework for Comprehensive Strategic Analysis free essay sample

The logic of a comprehensive strategic analysis is simple: describe and explain the issue/problem, assess it, try to solve it. Of course, we actually analyze p roblems in a much more nonlinear manner than this in practice, but writing-up a n analysis in this linear, â€Å"rational† mode is the only way to make the analysis understandable to the client. Therefore, usually, a written comprehensive strategic analysis contains three major parts, in the following order: analysis of the current situation, assessment of the current situation (fulcrum) and solution analysis. Analysis of the Current Situation T he purpose of the current situation analysis is to provide a â€Å"snapshot† of the issue/problem and of the firm. Here some of the important questions normally addressed are: What is the issue/problem? Who owns and/or controls the firm? What has been the recent history of the firm? What business, or businesses, is the focal firm in? What are the focal firm’s products in each business? What are the customer segments in each business? What is the structure and dynamics of each industry that the firm competes and how competitive are they? What changes are taking place in the industry, or industries, that will affect the focal firm specifically and/or industry profitability over the next few 2 years? How does the firm compete at the product or business level? What are the firm’s internal sources of competitive advantage/disadvantage? What is the focal firm’s current strategy? How well is the firm performing from a financial perspective? Assessment of Current Situation (the Fulcrum) T he purpose of the fulcrum is to synthesize the current situation analysis nto an assessment of current and future expected performance. We will write a custom essay sample on A Framework for Comprehensive Strategic Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It should also consider the broad direction of a new strategic initiative, if the status quo is sub-optimal. The important questions here are: How well is the focal firm performing from a broad strategic perspective? Is the current strategy highly successful, successful, inadequate or disastrous? What is predicted to happen to overall performance if the existing strategy continues? If the strategy is not successful, what is the source, or sources, of the problem? In which broad strategic direction should the firm move? When dealing with these issues, the analyst also needs to think ahead: what type of choice method will be used to evaluate the strategic alternatives at the solution analysis stage? Solution Analysis I f the assessment suggests a change in, or refinement of, strategy, solution analysis lays out the strategic choices and a recommended strategy (and possibly an implementation analysis of the recommended strategy). The important questions here are: What are the potentially superior strategic alternatives? What should the firm’s strategic goals be? Are there goals apart from profit maximization that should be used to evaluate the strategic alternatives? How are the strategic alternatives projected to do in terms of firm goals? Which alternative is preferred? How sensitive is the choice between the alternatives to different scenarios or â€Å"states of the world†? Rationale for the Three-Part Strategic Analysis Framework Why three parts? Doing the major parts of strategic analysis is somewhat like trying to walk along a see-saw. Walking up one side of the see-saw is current situation analysis. Tipping the see-saw is assessment analysis (the ulcrum: this is usually the point where one is most likely to fall off! ). Walking down the other side is solution analysis. (We do not mean to imply that it is easy because it’s downhill. ) This metaphor conveys the idea that fulcrum assessment analysis is often the most difficult, and critical, part of strategic analysis. In practice, many analysts are often unwilling to pull 3 everything together and succinctly tell clients what the real problem is. Student-analysts especially, because they are not firm insiders, have a tendency to want to avoid answering this big, often unpleasant, question.

Quaker Oats Acquisition of Snapple free essay sample

Background of both firms and the reasons for the merger poor performance. Compared to Gatorade and looks at short long-term effects, leadership and their outlook. Introduction Business acquisitions can happen for a number of reasons. In some cases, companies buy their competition in order to gain larger market share and entrance to markets which are otherwise blocked to them. In other cases, companies buy companies in order to dismantle them and sell the assets, increasing the value of the acquiring company. In still other cases, acquisitions are seen as a way of keeping both companies continuing as ongoing concerns, with the acquiring company gaining synergy in a market or industry which has synergies with the core business of the acquiring company. This was apparently the reasoning behind the acquisition of Snapple Beverage by Quaker Oats in late 1994: the acquisition was synergistic to the core business (food products) of Quaker Oats, and Quaker already owned one beverage company (Gatorade) which did not . We will write a custom essay sample on Quaker Oats Acquisition of Snapple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Hearst free essay sample

A ; Marion Davies Essay, Research Paper William Randolph Hearst A ; Marion Davies: The Truth of their Relationship Thingss are non ever as they seem. Peoples who are ever in the public oculus frequently have their unrecorded stereotyped because they are rich and celebrated. This was the instance with William Randolph Hearst and Marion Davies. Many people believed that because of his power and money she was utilizing him to progress her calling and that the relationship would non last due to the 34-year age difference between them. The truth is that their relationship did last and although they neer were married, it didn? t affair because they truly did love each other through the midst and thin. When Marion was executing as a chorus girl in 1915? s Stop! Expression! Listen! , she met the adult male who was to alter her life: publication baron William Randolph Hearst. Even though she was 34 old ages younger than him, he sat through every one of her public presentations for eight hebdomads directly, reserving two seats per show, one for him and the other for his chapeau. We will write a custom essay sample on Hearst or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He would invariably direct her gifts and flowers to acquire her attending, but she didn? Ts truly pay any head. Intrigued with her work at the Follies, Hearst so asked Marion to work as an actress for his new company for $ 500.00 a hebdomad. At first she hesitated because she didn? t feel qualified for the occupation, but Hearst ever insisted stating, ? you could make anything you want to? ( 24 ) . When she took the occupation they started out with a simple friendly relationship. He had great regard and neer pressured her. They started a formal relationship when she realized that she was in love with him. Hearst wanted to do her an honest adult female by get marrieding her but he was chained for life to his grim married woman, Millicent. He spent 100s of 1000s of dollars seeking to acquire a divorce but nil could be done. Hearst was ever upset about the fact, that he could non get married her but she ever tried to hearten him up stating? why should I run after a tram when I? m already aboard? ? ( 26 ) When William Randolph had his bosom set on something he would acquire it no affair how much it cost. His bosom was set on doing Marion a celebrated well-thought-of actress. He put up the money for many of the films in which she starred and backed up her promotion. He was really interested in her work and would take off from work to assist with her duologues ; he wanted to do certain she was non the slightest spot indelicate. He didn? T allow her to make any caressing scenes and made sure he made the point that she had to be the star. Marion was so a alone film star ; with the support of Hearst she had funding and promotional chances that made her a star. However, non everyone agreed with Marion? s endowment. No affair how much money Hearst spent seeking to do her an icon, she got atrocious reappraisals, except from his newspapers. Despite the rough reappraisals he believed in Marion and put his trust in her by doing her the president of Cosmopolitan movies and appointed her to have h alf of all the net incomes. Although many people hated the thought, no one of all time reprimanded her because they feared Hearst. The approaching movie? Marie Antoinette? was the flicker that set off Hearst at MGM studios. He wanted her to star in it but the managers refused to give her the lead. He so tried to acquire her the leading function in? Romeo and Juliet? , when that suggestion was rejected every bit good he decided to go forth MGM studios and travel to Warner Brothers. He besides started a large dither because he wanted Marion to win an academy award ; he thought it would truly profit her calling. He suggested it to many managers all the clip but she was neer even near to being nominated. Even though she had many ups and downs in her Hollywood calling she continued to love and appreciate everything Hearst did for her. The longest clip that Hearst and Marion were apart was two hebdomads during her cinematography of? Cain and Mabel? . At that clip, Hearst was 78 old ages old and Marion decided to discontinue doing images because she knew he needed company. She besides knew he was upset because he was holding fiscal problems due to the great depression. She wanted to be at that place for him the same manner he was ever at that place when she was holding unsmooth times. When Marion found out that his fiscal crisis was more terrible so she thought, she sold every piece of jewellery she had and took out financess from her grandma? s trust fund to assist him. Although he didn? T want to take it, he had no pick but he made it really clear to his fiscal advisers that she gets indirect for the money she gave him. Marion turned down the collateral offer and alternatively hired a professional banker: John W. Hanes, to acquire him back in control of his fundss. Despite all the problems they faced they ever stuck together, they neer let any obstructions get in the manner of their life and love. Their friends merely loved being around them, they were merriment, cheerful, and really generous. They ever hosted large parties at San Simeon to entertain their invitees and they merely could non acquire plenty, they would hold besides have costume, birthday and nuptialss at their place. Traveling was besides a immense portion of their lives they would travel all around Europe for months and fitting male monarchs, Queenss, and even Hitler. Although Hearst did non hold any involvement in run intoing Hitler, he went merely because Marion begged him and he wanted to delight her. They loved loosen uping together, if they weren? T watching her movies they were merely speaking for hours. She ever loved it when he talked she thought he was the smartest adult male and she normally agreed with everything he said. Hearst besides thought extremely of her every bit good, in fact he had so much religion in her that he trusted her sentiment on what should go of San Simeon after he died. They besides did small things that no 1 would of all time believe of similar cook scrambled eggs for each other, do dishes, and write each other love letters everyday. They ever had a good clip. Their relationship ended that twenty-four hours that he died. Even though they were neer married their relationship lasted thirty-six old ages. In all those old ages he neer treated her like a kept woman or his posession. Their history together genuinely indicates the manner they felt about one another and that they were one of the greatest twosome of all times. Chaney, Lindsay. ? W.R A ; Marion, Hollywood? s Greatest Affair. ? Los Angeles Magazine Feb 1981:126. Davies, Marion. The Times We Had. New York: Bobbs-Merill, 1975. Gordon, John. ? The Copulating Game. ? Forbes 22 Oct 1990:62. Lundberg, Ferdinand. Imperial Hearst. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1970. Swanberg, W.A. Citizen Hearst. New York: Macmillan, 1961. ? William Randolph Hearst A ; Marion Davies. ? People Weekly 12 Feb. 1996:143.

Pres. John Adams Essays - Adams Family, Free Essays, Term Papers

Pres. John Adams Essays - Adams Family, Free Essays, Term Papers Pres. John Adams John Adams is important to the study of American history because he was the second president of the United States, he served on the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and then helped persuade the Second Continental Congress to adopt the declaration. He is one of the great figures in American history because before the American Revolution he joined with other patriots in resisting British rule. So, when the revolution began, Adams was among the first to propose American independence. John Adams was born and raised in Braintree, Massachusetts, on the farmland his great-grandfather had cleared 100 years earlier. He entered Harvard College when he was sixteen years old and after graduating in 1755, he continued to study law. In 1758 Adams began to practice law in Braintree. In 1764 Adams married Abigail Smith, and they had five children. One of them, John Quincy Adams, became the sixth president of the United States. The marriage lasted 54 years, until the death of Abigail Adams in 1818. Adams spent the early part of his career practicing law in Braintree and developing his interest in government. He became well known throughout the colonies. When in Boston he was elected to the Massauchetts legislature while helping acquit the British troops in the Boston massacre. He only served in the legislature for a few months. In May 1775, Adams set out for Philadelphia and the opening of the Second Continental Congress, the American Revolution had begun with the battles at Lexington and Concord. Adams, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and other New England delegates arrived in Philadelphia ready to fight back against Britain. They wanted the colonies to get ready for war and to set up a confederation of independent colonies. Many delegates hesitated and Adams became very impatient. After two weeks, when nothing had been accomplished, Adams could hold back no longer. He addressed Congress and told them that before talking of peace with Britain, Congress should adopt a program to set up an independent government in each colony. It should use the New England militiamen, who were then blockading the British in Boston, as the basis for a Continental Army, and should name a commander-in-chief who would be responsible to Congress. Finally, Adams said, Britain should be told of these steps. Then, if the war continued, the colonies should seek alliances and support in France, Spain, and the Netherlands. Only one of Adams's proposals was adopted. A Continental Army was authorized, and Colonel George Washington of Virginia was named commanding general. Adams had recommended Washington not only because he had military training, but also because he was from the South. Adams felt that, to form a national army, the South as well as the North should be represented in it. Therefore the New England troops had to have a Southern commander. In 1776 another of Adams proposals was enacted. On May 6, he and his allies in Congress presented a resolution that all the colonies should form independent governments. The resolution, which to Adams was the most important of his proposals, was passed on May 15. In June 1776 Richard Henry Lee, a delegate from Virginia, moved that Congress declare that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. The resolution was referred to a committee consisting of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston, and John Adams. Jefferson wrote the declaration and Adams was spokesman for it when it was presented to Congress. There was a great debate before the final vote. There were many unwilling delegates who still hoped for reconciliation with Britain, but Adams won most of them over. On July 4, 1776, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. In 1796, Adams was elected president and was inaugurated at Federal Hall, Philadelphia, on March 4, 1797. Philadelphia was then the nation's capital. President Adams was immediately confronted with a number of issues. The most urgent was a threat of war with France. For four years the United States had remained neutral in the struggle between France and Britain. Britain was seizing ships that traded with France including American ships. The United States negotiated Jay's Treaty of 1794, which stopped Britain by giving trade concessions but started

My educational goals and career plans Research Paper

My educational goals and career plans - Research Paper Example Likewise, it is my work as an assistant cook at the Especially 4 U Restaurant which tops my impressive list of community service and work experience.   Very simply put - I love to cook. Every dish I cook is an expression of my creativity and my caring, and there is no greater satisfaction than that of watching people relish my food. My dream is to become a top chef. I believe that the best path towards achieving this goal is to earn top notch educational credentials in food and nutrition, and simultaneously gain as much hands-on, practical knowledge as possible. I then hope to travel round the globe, work under the master chefs of various countries, and go on to become a cordon bleu chef. My ultimate goal is to open my own restaurant, exhibiting my individualistic, distinctive style of cooking: a style rooted in the warmth and love of home-cooked food. I am confident that my strengths, which include the determination to excel in whatever I do, my committed work ethic, my extroversion and love of social interaction, and, above all, my passion for cooking will help me to achieve my goal. As a person who is dedicated to community service, I also hope to harness my future education and career to provide succor to the lesser privileged and contribute to the food needs of those in

Federal National Mortgage Association(FANNIE MAE) and Federal Home Essay

Federal National Mortgage Association(FANNIE MAE) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FREDDIE MAC) and the Housing Crisis - Essay Example It allowed for banks charging low mortgage interest rates to encourage anyone interested in buying a home. It led to the creating a secondary market for mortgages. In this market, companies like Fannie Mae borrowed money from foreign markets at minimal interest rates since they were financially supported by the US Government. This enabled Fannie Mae to give fixed rate mortgage that have a very low deposit to any home buyer. Fannie Mae monopolized the secondary market for the first thirty years after its inception. In 1968, the Vietnam War created great fiscal pressure. This led to Fannie Mae’s privatization and its removal from the national budget by President Johnson. This is when it started to operate as a Government Supported Enterprise, GSE. It made profits for its shareholders and at the same time enjoyed being exempted from tax and oversight, despite being backed by the government. To prevent any further monopoly, another Government Supported Enterprise was formed in 1970. It was known as Freddie Mac. These two companies currently command a 90 per cent of the national secondary mortgage market. GSEs have experienced great growth financially over the years. Their combined asset base is currently at 45 per cent more than those of the biggest bank in the country. However, their combined debt equals 46 per cent of the present national debts. This high growth as well as over-leveraging has caused concerns in the Congress, the SEC and the Justice Department regarding their financial practices. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae happen to be the only corporations in the Fortune 500 league that do dot abide by the requirement to furnish the public about any difficulties in finances they undergo. In case they collapse, the taxpayers will have to foot the multi-billion dollar outstanding debt. A recent probe into Freddie Mac by the SEC and the Justice Department discovered accounting errors to the tune

Chemical Warfare in World War 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemical Warfare in World War 1 - Essay Example World War I saw the development of weapons, which were deadlier to a degree than had never before been expected. Among the deadliest weapons that had never been used before were the 420 mm guns, which the Germans used to bombard France from Liege, Belgium. This led the countries to look for developing deadlier weapons with the help of their intellectuals, as it was clear that weapons would greatly determine the countries that won the war. (Hilmas, Smart & Hill 14). Therefore, as expected, deadlier weapons were developed by the countries. However, the deadliest and most inhumane of all the weapons developed was the poisonous gas, which was made by the German genius and Nobel laureate Fritz Haber (Bosco, Bosco & Bowman 38). Poisonous gas Prior to the World War I, several European countries including Germany, France and Britain had signed a treaty known as the Hague Convention on war on land in 1907 which forbid the use of poisonous gas in war. However, this did not deter the use of poi sonous gases in World War I (Stoltzenberg 151). Germany first used chemical weapons on British and Indian troops in 1914. Berlin was triggered to use chemical weapons after France had used on them. The chemical weapon used by the Germans was dianisidine chlorosulphonate, a chemical that causes irritation to the mucus membrane (Hilmas, Smart & Hill 14). However, the use of chemical weapons, which lead to widespread outcry by the rest of the world, was by Fritz Haber. (Hilmas, Smart & Hill 14).

Integrated Children and Youth Social Services

Integrated Children and Youth Social Services Integrated Children and Youth Social Services Introduction The development of integrated services in Hong Kong aims to reduce the fragmentation and duplication of services, fill service gaps, make manpower deployment and resources allocation become more flexible, and concern community needs (Angie; Hong Kong Government, 1991). According to Social Welfare Department, integrated children and youth service centre (ICYSC) integrates children and youth centre-based team, school social work team and outreach team to better serve the multiple needs of children and youth aged from 6 to 24 using the â€Å"total person approach†. There are four main objectives as shown below: Facilitating the personal development of children and youth to develop their life skills, potential and problem-solving ability. Enhancing the social development of children and youth in building up positive social values and attitudes, enhancing interpersonal and family relationships as well as contributing to the well being of the community. Adopting a community-based planning strategy to address to local youth needs and to arouse the community’s concerns on youth issues so that young people could grow up in a more concerned and supportive environment. Providing guidance and support to children and youth in disadvantaged circumstances such as disadvantaged family environment, deprived living environment and unfavourable social environment etc. and to direct them to more positive lifestyle. ICYSC mainly provides four kinds of core programs, including social responsibility and competence enhancement programmes, supportive services, socialization programmes, and guidance and counseling services. Social responsibility and competence enhancement programmes can enhance civic mindfulness and involvement of children and youth in community issues. Supportive services for disadvantaged children and youth aim at facilitating mutual support and enhancing their personal as well as social functioning. Socialization programmes aim at helping children and youth enhance the interpersonal and family relationships and development of life skills. Guidance and counseling services aim at providing opportunities for children and youth to deal with their difficulties and stress. Apart from the core programmes, ICYSC also focused on how can the centre attract more children and youth, how to enable them to utilize their leisure time constructively, how to build rapport with members and their families, and how to build up community links. Among the work of ICYSC, community needs should be given the highest priority and the centre should collaborate with other significant persons or systems which affect the welfare of the children and youth. There is no regulation or guidelines about what integrated model should be adopted by ICYSC. The integrated model really depends on the agency and the community served so that clients and residents are best benefited. Strengths and Limitations of ICYSC The areas of strengths and weaknesses of ICYSC can be interpreted in different kinds of integration as different agencies may apply different integration models or concepts. Service Integration For service users, service integration allows earlier intervention, the service gap is narrowed and the stigmatization of clients are lessened. However, this may weaken services for groups with special needs, such as marginal youth. For workers, higher degree of coordination can be developed with insights from colleagues but it takes much time to communicate and both workload and pressure are increased. For agency, there can be higher flexibility in deploying manpower and resources, preventing the overlapping of services. Nevertheless, it increases the time needed and the difficulty in management and coordination. The quality of supervision may be lowered. There may also be insufficient space in peak periods, including after school hours and weekends. These may affect the quality of service to children and youth. Profession-oriented Integration Different professionals gather and work together. For example, policemen work with social workers in Police Superintendent Discretion Scheme. Teachers cooperate with social workers to hold school events for students. With different professional skills and knowledge, the quality of service can be increased. Multi-level and multi-disciplinary interventions are also available. However, as every profession may have its own values and preferences, it requires much time for discussion, collaboration and implementation of services. In case of conflicts among professionals, conflict-resolution is required. In this way, the quantity of time providing direct services to children and youth may become limited. Method-oriented Integration Different intervention methods like casework, group work, community work, asset-based community development model can be merged together to form a multi-level intervention. This makes it more flexible to fulfill clients with different needs. This kind of integration trains workers’ skills and build up their knowledge so the services provide to children and youth can meeting the changing societal needs. Since workers have to step into and consider many intervention methods together, the workload and pressure of workers are highly increased. If they are burnt out, the efforts paid in working will be decreased. Agency-oriented Integration Different agencies can collaborate together and increase their resource pool by sharing. Resources can be manpower, financial support professional service or specific knowledge and skills. A typical example would be volunteer group where children and youth centre works with elderly centre or rehabilitation centre. These kinds of cooperation can best utilized resources from and strengths of different agencies, avoiding the overlapping of services. As this kind of integration requires the collaboration of different agencies and the efforts to match clients’ needs with resources, it is relatively time-consuming. Locality-oriented Integration Similar to agency-oriented integration, locality-oriented integration makes use of the resource pool but it is particularly from community and aims at serving community needs. The sharing of resources strengthens the interflow and referral system with agencies in the same locality, reducing the administration process and enhancing the cohesion in the community. Social capital built and convenience are beneficial to service users. Again, it is sometimes time-consuming as consensus and negotiation are not easy to achieve. Client-oriented Integration Different services under one roof can be served to different clients’ profiles or needs. The services are more person-centered so as to promote holistic development of clients, serving multiple and developmental needs throughout their life-spans by single point of entry. To fully adopt this integration, high level of coordination among teams as well as case management are crucial. Outreach work has to be carried out in order to better understand clients’ needs. Hence, workers may have higher workload and pressure. There may also be conflicts between different types of clients. There are also some general limitations of ICYSC model. Models are not regularly and comprehensively evaluated. The government didn’t provide clear operational guidelines to NGO on the way of implementation of integration. Owing to the governmental subvention (i.e. lump sum grant), service providers have to fulfill requirement of funding service agreement so they focus more on quantitative output than qualitative outcome. With fixed amount of subvention, agencies compete with each other to apply for resources and funding. When services are directed by funding, it may not fit the community needs well. The lump sum grant also hinder long-term planning of services and sustainable service development as no one can guarantee there will be enough resources for the events in the coming years. Improvement on Implementation of ICYSC There are some suggestions on how to improve the implementation of ICYSC model. And they are categorized into worker, agency and policy levels. 1) Worker Level The government may support mandatory training to social workers and other relevant professions to let them master and update their knowledge and skills to meet the changing integration environment. Workers may also make use of their free time and working hours to better equipped themselves to comply with agency’s integration model. 2) Agency Level The agency can review community needs regularly and frequently. It can also develop a web-based electronic database for more effective case-management and share among multi-disciplinary teams confidentially so as to provide more integrated and real-time client-based information. The pool of resources should be strengthened by developing self-sustaining services and reducing the limitation from government funding. 3) Policy Level The government should introduce emergency funding to meet new or sudden community needs and provide financial security to facilitate long-term planning in NGO. FSA should be evaluated and restructured based on quality and fulfillment of community needs. ICYSC models should be regularly evaluated to see if amendment is needed with the invitation of suggestions from agencies and citizens. Although different districts may have different needs, there should be some common needs for children and youth in Hong Kong. It is good to synchronize services for these common needs among service providers in Hong Kong. Last but not least, tripartite collaboration among the public, the private sector and the government should be enhanced so resource pool will be magnified and self-sustainability can be promoted. Conclusion It is hoped that by adopting the more appropriate integration model, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the adopted integrated model with continual evaluation and improvement, children and youth can satisfy their diverse needs in a holistic manner. Children and youth can enjoy one-stop and user-friendly services. Hence, the future generation can be nurtured well and contribute to society when time comes. (1497 words) References Angie, Y. The purpose and future development of social services integration. Hong Kong Government (1991). White paper on social welfare into the 1990s and beyond. Retrieved 9 May, 2014, from http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/CADAL/B38633498.pdf Social Welfare Department. Funding and service agreement (lump sum grant) integrated children and youth service centres (ICYSC). Retrieved 9 May, 2014, from http://www.swd.gov.hk/doc/fsa_sd/ICYSC.pdf Social Welfare Department. Integrated children and youth service centres. Retrieved 9 May, 2014, from http://www.swd.gov.hk/en/index/site_pubsvc/page_young/sub_centreserv/ id_integrated4/

Summarise entitlement and provision for early years education Essay

Summarise entitlement and provision for early years education. Since 2004 local education authorities, funded by the government ensured that every child in the UK aged three and four years old have been entitled to free places at nursery or another preschool setting (including childminders). From 1st September 2010 the Government extended these hours from 12. 5 to 15 hours for up to 38 weeks of the year. The free entitlement provides universal access to early childhood education and care, ensuring that all children have the opportunity to benefit from early years education. The extended hours also supports parents who wish to go back to work or develop their careers through further education by providing affordable day care. From 1st September 2013 the government extended the age so that some two year old children could also eligible for this free funding. The free early education places can be at: Nursery schools which are stand alone establishments that delivers the EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) to children aged 3-4 years. It is structured in the same way as a school, with a headteacher, teachers and various other professionals. Here the children only access the 12. 5 hours of free government entitlement, in the same way a child would if attending the nursery class at the local primary school. Nurseries on school sites, nursery classes in schools and academies take children aged 3 and 4 years old, usually for the year before they start the first school year. They are sometimes attached to a primary school. They may have a separate building and playground away from the main school but share the same headteacher and staff. Both types intend to provide a grounding for the child to start school, offering a range of structured educational experiences based on learning through play. Day nurseries are usually privately run and provide care for children aged from birth to five years old. All must be registered and annually inspected by Ofsted (the Office for Standards in Education). There are strict guidelines on the ratio of staff to children: 1. for under two year olds – one carer to three children 2. two to three year olds – one carer to four children 3. three to five year olds – one carer to eight children Day nurseries are usually opened from 8. 00 am to 6. 00 pm all year round. In day nurseries: 50 per cent of staff must have a childcare qualification children have the chance to learn and play with friends childcare is reliable – if one member of staff is ill, others are available to cover some day nurseries offer school pick-ups and out of school care eligible for help with costs through the Working Tax Credit funded places may be available for children in their final pre-school year part time places are often available. However, many day nurseries are not flexible if you work shifts or weekends and there can be long waiting lists. Some playgroups accept children aged between two and five, and are short sessions where children stay and play with other children their age. Registered Childminders are childcare professionals working in their own homes to provide care and education for other people’s children in a family setting. They have to be inspected and registered by Ofsted in England. Many Registered Childminders are flexible and will work to the hours that parents need. This makes Childminding a valuable childcare option for parents. All Registered Childminders in England are legally required to complete a pre-registration briefing session and must have completed a local authority approved training course to help them understand and implement the EYFS before they can register with Ofsted. They must also complete a 12 hour Paediatric First Aid Course and gain a certificate as part of their registration. Sure Start Children’s Centres are places that provide information and services for families with young children aged from birth to five years in the local community. Sure Start is the government’s programme to support young children and families. The establishment of multi-agency Sure Start Children’s Centres brings together early learning, health and family support. They actively support parents in their aspirations towards employment, education and training. The Sure Start approach ensures that every child gets the best possible start in life and helps parents choose with confidence how they balance their work and family commitments. Nannies and home-based carers: Provide care for children in your home and can look after children of any age. Early years education funding will only be available in an Ofsted inspected setting which is found to be of a satisfactory level.

Bases of Power and Their Effects on Employee Communication

All major business organizations dealing with economic conditions of uncertainty, opportunity costs, and scarce or depreciating resources have to develop capital budgets. The three major steps to developing a capital budget are: conducting a decision analysis to establish a base for knowledge building, establishing option pricing to secure an accurately assessed market position, and creating discounted cash flow (DCF) for making appropriate investment decisions for the organization.No organization can manage capital projects by simply looking at the numbers of discounted cash flows.A financial analyst for any organization must look at the entire decision and assess all relevant variables and outcomes within an analytical hierarchy. Decision-making regarding capital budgeting is increasingly complex today because of uncertainty, particularly in the health care environment where safety assessments of pharmaceuticals, health care insurance allotments, and other factors may affect the fu ture of the organization. All capital projects will involve numerous variables and possible outcomes—but health care perhaps more than most. (Evans, pp. 1-2)In the second phase of capital budgeting, financial management, or consideration of options within capital budgeting is called contingent claims analysis or option pricing. Timing (when to enter certain ventures), abandonment (what past ventures to discontinue) and growth (what ventures to expand upon) are all critical—one must ask such questions as, what aspects of health care in the organization are revenue-producing and/or necessary to the community, what areas are more necessary at certain times of year, and what can be discontinued? (Evans, p. 3) Discounting refers to taking a future amount and finding its value today.Future values differ from present values because of the time value of money. Financial management recognizes the time value of money because of inflation, uncertainty, and opportunity for investm ent. Thus, the more uncertain the economic environment or industry, the more necessary such revenue analysis becomes—and hence, once again, the necessity of such capital analysis for health care. Bibliography : Evans. Matt. H. (2003) â€Å"Course 3: Capital Budgeting. † Excellence in Financial Management: Professional Training Course Files. Retrieved 17 Apr 2005 at http://www. exinfm. com/training/pdfiles/course03. pdf

Crystal Definition, Examples, and Common Types

Crystal Definition, Examples, and Common Types A crystal consists of matter that is formed from an ordered arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions. The lattice that forms extends out in three-dimensions. Because there are repeated units, crystals have recognizable structures. Large crystals display flat regions (faces) and well-defined angles. Crystals with obvious flat faces are called euhedral crystals, while those lacking defined faces are called anhedral crystals. Crystals consisting of ordered arrays of atoms that arent always periodic are called quasicrystals. The word crystal comes from the Ancient Greek word krustallos, which means both rock crystal and ice. The scientific study of crystals is called crystallography. Examples of Crystals Examples of everyday materials you encounter as crystals are table salt (sodium chloride or halite crystals), sugar (sucrose), and snowflakes. Many gemstones are crystals, including quartz and diamond. There are also many materials that resemble crystals but are actually polycrystals. Polycrystals form when microscopic crystals fuse together to form a solid. These materials do not consist of ordered lattices. Examples of polycrystals include ice, many metal samples, and ceramics. Even less structure is displayed by amorphous solids, which have disordered internal structure. An example of an amorphous solid is glass, which may resemble a crystal when faceted, yet isnt one. Chemical Bonds in Crystals The types of chemical bonds formed between atoms or groups of atoms in crystals depend on their size and electronegativity. There are four categories of crystals as grouped by their bonding: Covalent Crystals - Atoms in covalent crystals are linked by covalent bonds. Pure nonmetals form covalent crystals (e.g., diamond) as do covalent compounds (e.g., zinc sulfide).Molecular Crystals - Entire molecules are bonded to each other in an organized manner. A good example is a sugar crystal, which contains sucrose molecules.Metallic Crystals - Metals often form metallic crystals, where some of the valence electrons are free to move throughout the lattice. Iron, for example, can form different metallic crystals.Ionic Crystals - Electrostatic forces form ionic bonds. A classic example is a halite or salt crystal. Crystal Lattices There are seven systems of crystal structures, which are also called  lattices  or space lattices: Cubic or Isometric - This shape includes octahedrons and dodecahedrons as well as cubes.Tetragonal - These crystals form prisms and double pyramids. The structure is like a cubic crystal, except one axis is longer than the other.Orthorhombic - These are rhombic prisms and dipyramids that resemble tetragons but without square cross-sections.Hexagonal - Six-sided prisms with a hexagon cross section.Trigonal - These crystals have a 3-fold axis.Triclinic - Triclinic crystals tend not to be symmetrical.Monoclinic - These crystals resemble skewed tetragonal shapes. Lattices may have one lattice point per cell or more than one, yielding a total of 14 Bravais crystal lattice types. Bravais lattices, named for physicist and crystallographer Auguste Bravais, describe the three-dimensional array made by a set of discrete points. A substance may form more than one crystal lattice. For example, water can form hexagonal ice (such as snowflakes), cubic ice, and rhombohedral ice. It can also form amorphous ice. Carbon can form diamond (cubic lattice) and graphite (hexagonal lattice). How Crystals Form The process of forming a crystal is called crystallization. Crystallization commonly occurs when a solid crystal grows from a liquid or solution. As a hot solution cools or a saturated solution evaporates, particles draw close enough for chemical bonds to form. Crystals can also form from deposition directly from the gas phase. Liquid crystals possess particles oriented in an organized manner, like solid crystals, yet able to flow.

building a computer Essay

building a computer Essay building a computer Essay Building a Computer Building a computer may seem like a daunting task, but in reality it is as easy as snapping in legos! Here are three reasons why you might want to consider building one yourself. You’ll be able to create a custom machine that exactly what you need. It will be much easier to upgrade your machine in the future. You'll definitely learn a lot about computers. In this instructional, I will take you through the entire process of building a computer. You'll learn how to put them all together. When you're done, you'll have exactly the machine that you need. Final assembly is usually the quickest part of a build. Finding the parts you need is typically the longest part. However, every computer needs the same basic components. A case, motherboard, processor, heat sink, RAM, hard drive, optical drive, video card, and power supply. Getting Started, Open the case. You might want to wear gloves or some sort of hand protection, as the inside of the case does not have ground down metal and could be very sharp in some cases. Install the power supply. Make sure that the power supply is installed in the correct orientation, and that nothing is blocking the power supply's fan. Remove the motherboard from its packaging. Place it on top of its box. You will be adding components to the motherboard before installing it in the case, as it is easier to access the motherboard before installing it. Remove the processor from its packaging. Observe the missing pins in the processor and match these with the socket on the motherboard. On many processors there will be a little gold arrow in the corner that you can use to orient the processor properly. Open the CPU socket and carefully insert the processor (no force needed). If it doesn't slip right in, or it feels like you have to push, it is probably misaligned. Close the socket a nd ensure the CPU is secure. Some sockets have small arms while others have complex assemblies to open and close the socket. Apply thermal paste to the CPU. Put only a dot of thermal paste on the CPU. Some processors that come with heat sinks do not need thermal paste because the heat sink already has thermal paste applied by the factory. Place the RAM in the proper slots by opening the latches and pushing the RAM in until the little handles can lock it into position. Note how the RAM and slots are keyedline them up so they will fit in properly. When pushing, press both sides of the RAM module with equal force. Many modern cases do not have a pre installed back plate, but your motherboard should come with its own back plate. Push the new back plate into place in the back of the case. Make sure to install it the correct direction. Almost all cases come with a little baggie that has standoffs in it. Standoffs raise the motherboard off of the case, and allow screws to be inserted into them. Your case most likely has more holes available than your motherboard supports. The number of spacers required will be determined by the number of shielded holes in the motherboard. Position the motherboard to discover where to screw in the standoffs. Once the standoffs are installed, place the motherboard in the case and push it up against the I/O back plate. All of the back ports should fit into the holes in the I/O back plate. Use the screws provided to secure the motherboard to the standoffs through the shielded screw holes on the motherboard. Plug in the case connectors. These tend to be located together on the motherboard near the front of the case. Remove the back panel covers that line up with the PCI-E slot. You may have to punch the plates out of the case. Insert the graphics card. You may have to bend a tab on the slot to allow the graphics card to be inserted. Apply light, even force until the card is seated uniformly, and the back panel lines up. Once you have ins erted the card, use a screw to secure it to the back panel of the case. Remove the panels for the locations that you want to install you optical

Universal jurisdiction application of International Law Essay

Universal jurisdiction application of International Law - Essay Example Universal jurisdiction refers to universal prescriptive jurisdiction and obliges states to assume jurisdiction over international crimes that are especially serious regardless of where the crime was committed (O’Keefe, 745). According to the dissenting opinion of Van den Wyngaert, the definition of universal jurisdiction is not clearly established under international Convention or customary international law with the result that the definition is uncertain (Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 also known as Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). However, the International Law Commission and the International Criminal Court Statute both provide ample explanation of the concept of universal jurisdiction and its purpose. This paper identifies and analyses the international law on universal jurisdiction and identifies where uncertainties may arise. Definition and Concepts of Universal Jurisdiction According to the International Law Commission’s Report of the Sixth Committee, universal jurisdiction is defined as: †¦a legal principle allowing or requiring a state to bring criminal proceedings in respect of certain crimes irrespective of the location of the crime and the nati onality of the perpetrator or the victim (1). Arguably, the concept of universal jurisdiction is also referred to in the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court, 1998 (ICC Statute). The Preamble to the ICC Statute, states that â€Å"the most serious crimes of concern to the international community† â€Å"must not go unpunished† and that all member states will implement laws for ensuring the â€Å"effective prosecution of† of those crimes† and in doing so, the international community must cooperate (ICC Statute, Preamble). More specifically, the Rome Statute of the ICC goes further to state that: †¦it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes (Preamble). According to the Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal, various states have implemented laws conferring jurisdiction on them over international crimes. However, none of these states have provide d for jurisdiction over crimes to which the enabling state does not have some form of connection (Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal, 70). National courts have been more decisive however. For example, the Federal Court of Australia listed a number of international crimes over which it had universal jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Austria ruled that it had universal jurisdiction over crimes of genocide. The United States has assumed universal jurisdiction in two notable cases, Yunis in 1988 and Bin Laden in 2000(Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). Some states are hesitant to assume jurisdiction over a matter that another state has jurisdiction over. For example both the UK and the Russian Federation have expresses similar views against one state assuming jurisdiction over a matter that relates to an offence that was committed within the territory of another state (Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). Regardless, in addition to international treaties in which jurisdiction over specific crimes such as torture and genocide require some form of link to the offence, the offender or the victims in order to confer jurisdiction, universal jurisdi

Are certain democratic institutions more or less democratic than Essay

Are certain democratic institutions more or less democratic than others - Essay Example Russia is a federal presidential government with the executive power split between the President and the Prime Minister, however, President is the supreme head (Hale, 2006, p. 243). Two chambers represent the legislative system, the State Duma (lower house) and the Federation Council (upper house) (Chaisty, 2006, p.73). The Federation Council acts as a voice of Russia’s federated entities, and it forbids political factions. The Council is not directly elected, and consists of representatives from federal entities. It works with the lower house to complete and vote on draft laws. In addition, the Federal Council has special powers to declare presidential election, impeach the president and decides on the use of military forces outside Russia’s jurisdiction. However, the State Duma is the lower house and it consists of 450 deputies elected for terms of five consecutive years. Any Russian of age 21 years is eligible to run for parliamentary seat in the state Duma. The depu ties are elected from party lists through proportional representation. State Duma first considers all the bills. Immediately the majority in Duma State  passes the bill, a draft law is returned to the Federation Council. If the Council rejects the bill, the two chambers form a commission to work out a compromise. Norway is a constitutional monarchy having a parliamentary democratic system of governance.  The head of state is the King  whereas Prime Minister is the head of government (Wardahl, 2011, p.379). The government structure consists of three branches, the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch, and the Judicial Branch. Norway has a unicameral legislature. The parliamentary system consists of the Stortinget that has two significant functions. It enacts legislation and approves the national budget. Stortinget also votes on proposals and the bills introduced by the Executive Branch. It monitors the executive and

Group project outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group project outline - Essay Example In addition to this, the market demand and needs of the customer towards this product segment is changing at a continuous rate. Now-a-days, people are trying to consume fuel efficient cars due to the hike in fuel prices. Recently, several automobile organizations are implementing green strategies in business. Moreover, several leading organizations, such as Ford and Toyota introduced electric car to reduce the consumption level of fossil fuel. Lack of use of fossil fuel can reduce the emission level of carbon. In addition to this, it reduces the operating cost of an organization. Therefore, the organization can use economic pricing strategy. Now-a-days, people are trying to consume fuel-efficient low priced cars due to their low disposable income. However, research on this product will help all the group members to learn about the market demand of this product. There are several types of cars, such as hatchback, Sedan, SUV and MUV. Research on each car segment will help the group mem bers to understand about the purchasing behaviour of people and strategies that are implemented by several automobile manufacturing organizations (Noel, 2009, p.117). The objective of research is to know the purchasing behaviour of people towards this product. Project Plan There are four members in this group. Each group member has different roles and responsibilities to complete the project. Primary and secondary data collection method has been utilized in order to gather appropriate data. Both these data collection methods have significant advantages. Primary data collection method will help this group to gather real time and valid data (Mooi and Sarstedt, 2011, p.39). On the other hand, secondary data collection method will help to gather a large number of data set (Malhotra, 2008, p.25). Both of these data collection method will help this group to achieve successful and expected research outcome. 2 members from the group have taken the responsibility to gather primary data. They are going to take interview of 10 people to gather valuable primary data and information. Total sample size has been considered for this research is 10. Out of the 10 individuals, 6 are common people who have cars and 4 are store managers of different car making and distributing organizations. 1 member will take the interview of 6 customers and other will take the interview of 4 managers. Another group member is responsible for gathering secondary data. Therefore, it is clear that 3 members of the group are engaged in the data collection process. The fourth group member will be responsible for analyzing the collected data and provide a research outcome based on his or her analysis. Key Challenges The key challenges that have been faced in the group activity for the project on studying the purchasing behaviour of the customers for various types of cars have been explained as follows. The challenges could be faced in the individual level as well as the group level while conducting th e tasks involved in the project plan. Since four different people were engaged in the separate tasks of data collection as per the primary and secondary research methods, the data analysis and the evaluation, difficulties could be faced due to the mismatch of the expectations of the people that have collected data and the people who have conducted the analysis and evaluation. The various parameters on which

Pe pep on swimming Essay Example for Free

Pe pep on swimming Essay have chosen the activity swimming because I am very interested in it. I have been doing it since early primary school and have continued onto now the end of secondary school. I think that it is the sport I no most about and I am most interested in doing. I swim in school and also out, I have progressed through out the years in my level of performance and I believe completing a personal exercise programme will improve my performance in all areas even more to a higher level. I have swam with people at higher standards than myself and also lower. I have been swimming for 12 years and it has developed to become one of my favourite physical activities. This has included watching England swim and participating with high level people my self. I personally enjoy this sport so much because of the techniques needed. It is a very exciting activity and does need a lot of taking part. Your body has to be thinking in different ways and working at high standards. I like the involvement that is expected from you in training sessions and the exciting in races and competitions. It is an individual activity and you must focus on you and only. I dont just like to swim I also take part by swimming very frequently. I previously swam for the school team and have also took part in outside of school teams. I would also like to now proceed further into swimming and sign on to a local team. This will hopefully help me to become a stronger swimmer as I will be around others with a lot of skill and devotion. I have training once or twice a week and competition come up quite often. My most preferred lane when racing is the outside left lane To be successful in Swimming   A swimmer needs to have the following qualities and components of fitness as with out these they wont be able to play up to the standards of the other competators and this is essential to win.Another one of my strong components would be agility. I believe coming out strong in half of my tests is a good because then I can focus on the other three and hopefully improve my performance in swimming. I have pointed out my weak areas and they are speed endurance and especially strength. I think strength is my main area that I need to work on. Even though the other components relate into swimming more this area still needs improving on to make my swimming standards higher.  I have decided I am going to use the school fitness suite at least three times a week for five weeks. This is as well as doing my usually training and sports. I am going to start of by building up my body on a cardiovascular machine. This would be a bike, a treadmill, a steeper machine, or a cross trainer. I will start on the first day by completing 10 minutes on a medium speed and then push my self to the faster level my body will take me for the last two minutes. I will then go onto another cardio vascular machine mentioned above different machine to what I started on and complete 10 minutes on a medium speed and also in the remaining two minutes push my body to the limit.  As I am working on me strength I am going to focus on the weight machines in my arms. The more power I can build up in my arms the stronger my strokes will become. I am going to start at around 20 reps per machine. I am going to begin my weight work out by using an arm weight machine then changing to my legs then finishing once again on an arm. This is making me work more on arm machines which will hopefully lead to an improvement in my weak area. I will then end each session by warming my body down once again on a cardiovascular machine. One of which I listed earlier. I will start by working on a steady speed for 10 minutes and then pushing the speed to the highest my can take for five minutes. I will go up a km each 40 seconds until my body reaches the limit.  Each time I go into the fitness suite I am going to build on my goal. On my first session the work out plan will be what I have explained above. Then the following I will add more reps and more machines. This is to push my body gradually to the limit. This will also help on my endurance because I am pushing my body more and more each time making myself work harder and for longer periods of time. Training Programme.  The following is what I did in the fitness suite for five weeks. As I went in three times I week I completed the same work out in the same week. As I went in to the next week I then pushed my self harder. This was so I wasnt building up my body to fast and to prevent injury.

Essay on Pointing the Finger in John Milton’s Paradise Lost

Pointing the Finger in Paradise Lost  Ã‚   After the fall in Milton’s Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve bicker and blame one another for their decent. First, Adam accuses Eve for her physical act of accepting the apple from Satan and eating it, thus defying God’s decree not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. In retaliation, Eve responds and attempts to not only justify her act, but also to place the blame on Adam. Eve’s reaction is typical of someone who does not like to admit he is wrong. Eve begins by challenging Adam with an argument that he would have done the same thing had he been in her situation. "[Had’st] thou been there,/ Or here th’ attempt, thou couldst not have discern’d/ Fraud in the Serpent, speaking as he spake" (IX 1148-1150). She is trying to justify her action in Adam’s mind by making him realize he would have acted the same way, and in effect she also hopes to gain his sympathy. This tactic is often effective because we do not tend to choose to recognize faults in others when we realize we are susceptible to the same mistakes. Aristotle recognizes the relationship between eliciting sympathy and making the audience relate to the situation in his Poetics when he describes the ideal character as one who is "true to life" (81). An audience must be able to relate to a falling character, or else they will not pity his plight. In other words, if a speaker wants sympathy from his audience, he must make them "feel his pain." Eve proceeds in her rebuttal with justification for her action based on the circumstances of the scenario. She argues, "No ground of enmity between us known,/ Why hee should me ill of seek to harm" (II 1151-1152). She seems to imply that a less trusting person would not have listened to the se... ...ccusation that he did not try hard enough to keep her at his side when he asks, "What could I more?/ I warn’d thee, I admonish’d thee, foretold/ The danger, and the lurking Enemy/ That lay in wait" (IX 1170-1172). No matter how developed any one piece of Aristotle’s triangle seems, it is useless without the other two parts. If you take a step back and observe this scene of Paradise Lost with your own experiences in mind, you realize how petty the "blame game" can be. Eve tries very hard to use persuasion as a "finger pointing" tool so she can alleviate any guilt of her own. However, she fails. We all must know what it feels like to fail in an argument, yet we still test situations like these sometimes when we do not want to accept full responsibility for something that has gone wrong. Works Cited   Milton, John. Paradise Lost. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993.   

Pledge of Allegiance in School Essay

Pledge of Allegiance in School My choice of writing for the Rogerian essay is on the topic of the Pledge of Allegiance in School. â€Å"In a decision that stunned the nation, a federal appeals court in June ruled that reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is unconstitutional because the pledge contains the words â€Å"under God† â€Å" (Chmielewski). The banning of the Pledge of Allegiance is a very large controversial topic because one side believes that while the foundation of our country is religion, the other side believes that the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance is an infringement on our First Amendment right. The Pledge of Allegiance began in 1892. It was a way of showing a sense of celebration for being an American. Since 1892 the â€Å"Pledge† has been changed four times, and in 1954 the words â€Å"under God† were added (Chmielewski). A cause of the Pledge of Allegiance being banned from school is mostly because of these two words â€Å"under God†. An Atheist by the name, Newdow, filed the claim against the pledge because he did not want his second grade daughter pressured into saying something that he does not believe (Chmielewski). I believe that this topic has quite a bit of historic meaning because it basis is on our historical beginning. I think that because the times of our country and have changed so much, in that, religion is not just based on Christianity for our country anymore, it does way on peoples mind. I would like to show in this essay that the Pledge of Allegiance is an important part, not just in our schools, but in our nation. My research on this is going to be a bit strenuous. There are so many articles about court proceedings and individual states that it might be difficult to find a common ground. Most of what I have read has just been the individual states versus the Supreme Court or, as in the case above, the Nine District Court. I have read articles from Massachusetts, California, Washington, and Nevada, to name a few. Most of the articles also are very one sided. Meaning that the author shows what the problem in question is and then turns the article to what they believe.

Police and SWAT Teams

SWAT stands for Special Weapons and Tactics, and is an extremely important branch of Law Enforcement that is primarily designed for subduing heavily armed criminals and saving the lives of many. SWAT is even considered the most important job in the Law Enforcement branch, and for convincing reasons. Some have the opinion that SWAT teams are intimidating to the public do to their military-styled tactics and operational procedures. However, it is these frightening tactics that save lives and eliminate serious criminal threats. These days there are extremely violent criminals, heavily armed gangs, large drug cartels, and the public needs capable units for protection. It is SWAT’s job to come in when the situation is considered out of regular police officer abilities. These situations include hostage rescue, high risk search warrants and anti terrorism. Is SWAT really necessary? The answer is an outrageous YES, SWAT is a necessity! Couldn’t police officers take care of the situations that we have SWAT for? The answer is an incredible NO; the regular police force does not have what it takes to fulfill SWAT duties. With the threat of terrorism on the rise and the new technology this century has brought about, the role of SWAT teams has expanded, and their importance has never been greater. Police officers are not enough when it comes down to the safety of USA citizens, and SWAT teams are needed to take care of the deadly criminals and resolve high risk situations that today may present in the quickest and most effective way possible. Without SWAT, it would be like August 1, 1966 all over again, a tragic incident that showed the need for a special team designed for high risk situations. SWAT is simply a necessity to keep all American citizens from being victims of dangerous criminals. Without SWAT, our defense against crime would depend primarily on the regular the police force, and as The Texas Clock Tower Shooting showed, that is not enough. On august 1, 1966, a man named Charles Joseph Whitman randomly killed over a dozen people and wounded another 30 or more from the top of the University of Texas clock tower in Austin in under 90 min with his high powered rifle. The police force was so uncoordinated for a situation like this, that even though they got there within minutes, they were unable to stop the rampage of the â€Å"Texas Tower Sniper† for over 90 minutes. It is even said that there was a large amount of luck involved in stopping him when they did. August 1 was the birth date of SWAT because it was on that day that Law Enforcement realized that they needed special plans for these types of situations. Though the police officers involved were undoubtedly performing to the best of their abilities, they did not have the type of tactical training or special weapons needed to quickly suppress this type of violent crime. This devastating massacre opened the eyes of America, and put a spot light on how truly vulnerable the everyday person really was. No one could feel safe if something didn’t change, for as Charles Whitman showed, even an honor student could create such a tragic scene. It was then that Chiefs of police decided that they needed to have teams of officers with equipment and training to carry out special plans for these types of incidents. In this day, 2010, our country would be devastated by deadly crime sprees without SWAT teams. If one man could create such havoc in 1966 with a hunting rifle, imagine what would happen in this day and age with the new technology and groups of organized crime such as terrorists. Police officers do not have the training to deal with dangerous hostage situations. Nor do police officers have the ability to eliminate terrorist threats, or subdue heavily armed criminals. SWAT teams are a necessity for the protection of innocent American citizens. One main reason why police officers are insufficient for carrying out SWAT duties is their training and abilities. SWAT officers are trained specifically to work as a team, usually consisting of four officers, to carry out their duties in the fastest way possible, with the absolute most organization in any given situation, and to do so with the very minimum number of casualties attainable. Team members have to gel and work together as a cohesive unit and this is accomplished by training, training, and more training†(http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Swat-Team&id=646368). Swat Training or Tests include a written exam, fitness test, firearms test, review board, and psychological evaluation. The fitness test consists of maximum bench press rep, maximum leg press rep, most pushups acquired within one mi nute with perfect form, maximum sit-ups reached within a one minute time period, a timed 1. 5 mile run, 300 yard sprint, and 150 lb dummy exercises are the bare minimum. Some teams have more difficult fitness training or tests that can even involve swimming. The firearms test consists of target acquisition drills, rapid fire sequences drills, shooting on the move drills, and mechanical knowledge of weapon operation testing. Review board is an exercise or test to see if the individual has the ability to â€Å"think on their feet and gain insight into their suitability for assignment. A great amount of information may be gained from a candidate including personality type, the amount of preparation they put into testing, their ability to work as part of a team, and their level of commitment. Some interviews may also require the candidate make a presentation on a SWAT-related topic† (http://www. specialoperations. com/Domestic/SWAT/swattraining. html). Special Weapons and Tactics teams are on call every hour of every day, even when considered â€Å"off duty†. SWAT duties are all of high risk, requiring SWAT officers to be a person that is not flustered easily, and with a very high level of maturity. What’s great about SWAT officers is that they are often also police officers as well. Police officers that fit the criteria are trained to be SWAT officers. When a situation needing the SWAT profession is presented, then the officers of the Special Weapons and Tactics team are called upon. This means that not only do you have a SWAT team, but you get well trained officers on duty until their SWAT duties call. SWAT duties include, but are not limited to, â€Å"Sniper Situations, Barricaded Suspects, Hostage Situations, Dignitary Protection, Civil Disturbance, Search & Arrest Warrants, Armed Suspect, Narcotics Raids, Anti Terrorism† (http://www. hollywoodpolice. org/special_units/swatteam. tm). It is plain to see, that SWAT teams are not around for directing traffic or calming domestic disputes, but only serious and deadly conditions that involve high stress and need to be eliminated as quickly and safely as possible. However, training to be a police officer is much different than training to be a SWAT officer, as is their duties. Policemen aren’t tested nearly as much for physical ability, how well they can â€Å"think on t heir feet† or problem solve fast and efficiently, or even how well they can shoot. Police officers are trained to perform or take care of situations that most likely include, â€Å"conducting patrol duties on foot and by car and bicycle, responding to calls and requests from the public to assist, domestic disputes, fires and public disorder, attending road-related incidents including collision scenes, vehicle check points and traffic offences, delivering death and hospital messages to families, conducting initial investigations, gathering evidence, taking statements, interviewing suspects and victims as well as witnesses, searching individuals or personal property like vehicles, and conducting arrests† (http://www. rospects. ac. uk/p/types_of_job/police_officer_job_description. jsp). If one was to look, one would find that police officers are not qualified for even the very basic SWAT situation. Police training just simply doesn’t prepare officers to carry out SWAT duties proficiently, if even at all. Simply put, police officers are around to keep the peace and prevent serious situations from breaking out. In general, policemen are here to, â€Å"protect and serve† (http://ezinearticles. com/? Duties-of-a-Police-Officer&id=1835924). What if the peace is already gone, and can no longer be kept? What happens when protecting and serving isn’t enough, for the people of America are already in harm’s way? That is the core reason for the existence of SWAT teams all around the United States. When the serious situations find ways around the defense of the police force and present themselves, it is then that SWAT, Law Enforcement’s best defense, is called upon by the people of America for protection. Another reason why SWAT teams are needed, and police officers alone are not enough, is this day and age we live in. In 1966, just one man was able to raise havoc with just an arsenal of, â€Å"three rifles, a sawed-off shotgun, two handguns, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, a five gallon container of water, some sandwiches, and a can of gasoline†(Captain Robert L. Snow, pp. 1-7). The police force could not stop one man before he randomly killed over a dozen innocent people passing by the University on a beautiful summer day, and wound close to forty victims enjoying the sun. There is no doubt in my mind that if police officers were not enough then, they are not enough now. It is especially critical that we don’t just depend on the police force now as we did back then do to the new technology. If the events of august 1st 1966 were to reoccur in the present with our new resources and improved arsenal, but no SWAT team, the outcome would be devastating. Imagine the number of casualties if a man went on a rampage today as happened on august 1st, but instead was equipped with assault rifles, sniper rifles, explosives, and even deadly chemical threats like anthrax. For example, a weapon under development called the â€Å"Metal Storm† fires an excess of one million rounds per minute. One burst of over a thousand bullets is fired so quickly that it sounds as if one bullet was shot. It is said that, â€Å"A computerized fire control system precisely controls the firing signal to each round in the barrel. As there is no need to mechanically reload the barrel after each round is fired, Metal Storm has complete control over the timing and rate of fire. As a result, the weapon can be used to deliver a single round or dozens of rounds instantaneously at the target. † (http://www. metalstorm. com/content/view/64/109/). Aside from that, there are even such things as automatic pistols today such as the â€Å"Ingram M11† that can fire 1200 rounds per minute. This new technology allows a frenzy of over one million bullets to be hurled at a target. The fastest firearms of the 1960’s were automatic assault rifles like the AK-47. These automatic assault rifles fired close to six hundred rounds a minute, which doesn’t even come close to competing with the rate of fire of newly discovered weapons. With an unorganized and badly prepared police force, people may keep dying until the criminal runs out of ammunition and materials, and that is not expectable. With a SWAT team however, America can breathe a bit easier for many reasons. SWAT teams are trained specifically to prevent these certain tragedies, and they too have an adequate arsenal. The basic SWAT team is equipped with, â€Å"the Heckler & Koch 9mm MP5 Submachine Gun, the Colt . 45, Glock . 40-. 45, or the Smith & Wesson . 40-. 45, CS gas, flash bangs, tear gas, Tactical vests, and sometimes helmets†(http://fcswat. tripod. com/faq. htm). This equipment is also why SWAT is called upon, as shown in this following situation that could have turned very bad if not for SWAT. â€Å"Officers said they heard the sound of ammunition eing chambered in a shotgun (or racked), according to CPD Sgt. Rich Weiner. Officers backed off, set up a perimeter and called in SWAT. SWAT arrived at the complex shortly after 12:30 p. m. Medics already were on the scene. Police blocked off the apartment complex; no one could enter or exit the complex. Residents also were evacuated from their apartm ents during the standoff. SWAT shot tear gas into the apartment and arrested the suspect without further incident before 3 p. m. † (http://www2. nbc4i. com/cmh/news/crime/article/cpd_swat_responds_to_apartment_complex/32010/). I can say with confidence, that had there been SWAT teams available on august 1st, 1966, Charles Whitman would have been stopped at least twice as quick, maybe even prevented. Finally, we must have SWAT teams to deal the increase in terrorist activities. SWAT teams have not been called on for many terrorist activities yet, for there haven’t been many terrorist attacks on United States soil. SWAT training for Terrorist attacks is mostly a plan, but a very important plan. In already having an organized and thought out plan, SWAT will be prepared to protect America if terrorists do attempt anything in the United States of America. As SWAT Officer Lt. Andrew Esposito says, â€Å"The threat of an international terrorist attack against our country is not to be taken lightly by law enforcement professionals† and also states â€Å"As professional police officers we are all aware of the threat. The training is out there to provide information and resources on how to deal with terrorism, whether it is domestic or foreign. †(http://www. infowars. com/swat-officer-says-posse-comitatus-makes-u-s-vulnerable-to-terror/). Thanks to SWAT teams, we have a defense if terrorists’ attacks start to break out in our nation due to the training and existence of a plan. Before SWAT teams, there wasn’t even a plan, or a single idea of what to do in case of a terrorist attack. Terrorism isn’t taken lightly, especially since 911, which is why courses have been provided. â€Å"From October 2008 to October 2009, Security Solutions International (SSI) conducted 12 SWAT Counter Terrorism courses around the country with hosting agencies. The courses have been taught on the East Coast, on the West Coast and in the Midwest, with a total of 48 LE agencies. †(http://www. thecounterterroristmag. com/pdf/CTMAG. DecJan09. SWAT. Trai ningReview. ores. pdf). That’s the most important thing, a well organized plan, with officers trained and capable of carrying the plan out. In brief, 2010 brings a new threat to the safety of anyone and everyone in the United States of America. The Law Enforcement we currently have is of utmost certainly a necessity to protect Americans from any threats. The twenty-first century brings new technology to the desperate hands of deadly criminals, and gives these Law breakers the opportunity to pose much more of a threat than they ever could in 1966 or anytime before now. Improved automatic rifles bring unlawful citizens the ability to hurl monumental amounts of bullets into crowds of people in less than half the time. Improved technology in ballistics and scopes allows criminals to post up with high powered sniper rifles and carelessly pluck off innocent victim after victim from a mile away with deadly accuracy. New and easier ways of manufacturing more powerful explosives have made it easier for murderers to demolish whole buildings full of people, a massacre of grate loss in less than 10 seconds. Toxic chemical threats, an invisible airborne killer, could be released in densely populated areas, killing all exposed to it with no mercy. Organizations bent on burning down America could strike at any opportune moment, and it would take more than police officers to save our friends and family from their ruthless attacks. The list is a sad one, and it could keep going, but it doesn’t need to. Any one of those scenarios is creditable of being able to take lives, and to save those lives is more than just a worthy reason to have SWAT teams in full swing. It is the purpose of SWAT’s existence.

Financial Analysis on National Bank Ltd. Essays

Financial Analysis on National Bank Ltd. Essays Financial Analysis on National Bank Ltd. Essay Financial Analysis on National Bank Ltd. Essay The then President of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Justice Ahsanuddin Chowdhury inaugurated the bank formally on March 28, 1983 but the first branch at 48, Dilkusha Commercial Area, Dhaka started commercial operation on March 23, 1983. The 2nd Branch was opened on 11th May 1983 at Khatungonj, Chittagong. At present, NBL has been carrying on business through its 124 branches and 11 SME / Krishi centers (total 135 service locations) spread all over the country. It has drawing arrangements with 415 correspondents in 75 countries of the world, as well as with 37 overseas Exchange Companies located in 13 countries. NBL was the first domestic bank to establish agency arrangements ith the world famous Western Union in order to facilitate quick and safe remittance of the valuable foreign exchanges earned by the expatriate Bangladeshi National NBL was also the first among domestic banks to introduce international Master Card in Bangladesh. Despite shaken domestic economic condition due to global recession, performance of 2009, the year under review was noteworthy. In 2009, the pretax profit of National Bank stood at 3,197. 50 million, registering a growth of 13. 03 percent over the previous year and profit after tax other provisions stood at Taka 2,070. 47 million reflecting a growth of 36. 45 percent. Further, banks revenue, loans advances, deposit and assets registered a growth of 22. 98, 28. 55, 27. 6 and 27. 53 percent respectively. Capital adequacy maintained at Tk. 9,124. 62 million, which was 13. 56 percent against statutory requirement of 10 percent. The earning per share for the year 2009 was Tk. 72. 74 compared to Tk. 53. 31 of previous year. Being a regular tax payer, the bank made a direct contribution of Tk. 1, 366. 20 million to Government Exchequer in 2009 representing an increase of 79. 35 percent over 2008. Detailed facts-figures and disclosures are available in the financial statements and notes of accounts for the year 2009. Products and Service ? Deposit product. ? Credit product. ? Cards. Deposit Product 1. Saving Deposit National Bank Limited offers customers a hassle free and low charges savings account through the branches all over Bangladesh. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Interest rate of 6. 00% on minimum monthly balance. ? Minimum balance Tk. 1000. ? Maintenance charge yearly Tk. 400. ? No hidden costs. ? Standing Instruction Arrangement are available for operating account. Account Opening ? 2 copies of recent photograph of account holder. ? Nominees Photograph. ? Valid photocopy of Voter ID Card. 2. Current Deposit National Bank Limited offers customers current deposit facility for day-to-day business transactions without any restriction. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Minimum balance Tk. 2000. ? Minimum maintenance charge yearly Tk. 800. No hidden costs. ? Standing Instruction Arrangement are available for operating account. ? Easy access to our other facilities. Account Opening ? 2 copies of recent photograph of account holder. ? TIN certificate. ? Nominees Photograph. ? Valid photocopy of Voter ID Card. 3. Term Deposit ? Short Term Deposit. ? Fixed Deposit. a) Short Term Deposit National Bank Limited offers interest on customers short term savings and gives facility to withdraw money any time. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Minimum balance Tk. 2000. ? Minimum maintenance charge yearly Tk. 800. ? Standing Instruction Arrangement are available for operating account. Account Opening 2 copies of recent photograph of account holder. ? Nominees Photograph. ? Valid photocopy of Voter ID Card. b) Fixed Deposit National Bank Limited offers fixed term savings that will scale up your savings amount wtih the time. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Any amount can be deposited. ? Premature encashment facility is available. ? Overdraft facility available against term receipt. Account Opening ? 1 copy of recent photograph of account holder. ? Nominees Photograph. 4. Foreign Currency Deposit ? RFC Deposit ? NFC Deposit. a) RFC Deposit National Bank Limited gives opportunity to maintain foreign c urrency account through its Authorized Dealer Branches. : Bangladesh nationals residing abroad or foreign nationals residing abroad or Bangladesh and foreign firms operating in Bangladesh or abroad or Foreign missions and their expatriate employees. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? No initial deposit is required to open the account. ? Interest will be offered 1. 75% for US Dollar Account , 3. 00 % for EURO Account and 3. 25% for GBP Account. ? They will get interest on daily product basis on the credit balance (minimum balance of US$ 1,000/- or GBP 500/- at least for 30 days) maintaining in the account. Account Opening ? 2 copies of recent photograph of account holder. ? Nominees Photograph. ? Passport Copy. ? ID of residence in abroad. b) NFC Deposit National Bank Limited gives opportunity to maintain foreign currency account through its Authorized Dealer Branches. All non – resident Bangladeshi nationals and persons of Bangladesh origin including those having dual nationality and ordinarily residing abroad may maintain interest bearing NFCD Account. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? NFCD Account can be opened for One month, Three months, Six months and One Year through US Dollar, Pound Starling, Japanese Yen and Euro. ? The initial minimum amount of $1000 or 500 Pound Starling or equivalent other designated currency. ? Interest is paid on the balance maintain in the Account. This interest is tax free in Bangladesh. Account Opening ? 2 copies of recent photograph of account holder. ? Nominees Photograph. ? Passport Copy. ? ID of residence in abroad. 5. NBL Monthly Saving Scheme National Bank Limited offers monthly savings scheme for its retail customers. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Monthly installments of deposit will be Tk. 500/-, Tk. 1,000/- , Tk. 2,000/- ,Tk. 3,000, Tk. 4000/- , Tk. 5,000/- and Tk. 10,0000 ? Account may be opened for any installment and term, which is not changeable. ? A person is allowed to open more than one account for different installment in a Branch/ Bank. |Sl no |Monthly Installments (Taka) |Amount to be paid on completion of Term | | | |3(Three) years @9. 00% |5(Five) years @9. 25% |8(Eight) years @9. 0% | |01 |500/- |20,627/- |37,896/- |70,849/- | |02 |1,000/- |41,255/- |75,791/- |1,41,691/- | |03 |2,000/- |82,510/- |1,51,583/- |2,83,394/- | |04 |3,000/- |1,23,765/- |2,27,374/- |4,25,091/- | |05 |4,000/- |1,65,020/- |3,03,166/- |5,66,788/- | |06 |5,000/- |2,06,274/- |3,78,957/- |7,08,485/- | |07 |10,000/- |4,12,549/- |7,57,914/- |14,16,970/- | Credit Product 1. Overdraft BL offers overdraft facility for corporate customers for day-to day business operations. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Low charges in overdraft account maintenance. ? Facility is available against deposit receipt or mortgage property. ? Low interest rate 13-16%. Account Opening ? Introductory current account. ? Others necessary documents as per loan requirement. 2. Lease Financing National Bank Limited offers leasing facility for clients with easy installment facility. Financing Area ? Capital machinery. ? Different equipments. ? Gas, Diesel generator and Power plant. ? Medical equipments. ? Lift or elevator. ? Inroformantion Technology equipments. ? Construction equipments. Consumer durables. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Competitive monthly rental. ? Tax benefit. ? Fast processing. ? Easy handover after leasing period. 3. House Building NBL offers home loan facility for purchasing flats or construction of house. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Financing amount extends up to 70% or Tk. 7 5, 00,000 which is highest of total construction cost. ? Grace period available up to 9 months in flat purchase or 12 months in construction. ? Competitive interest rate. ? No application or processing fee. Eligibility ? Any Bangladeshi citizen or NRB, who is capable of repayment, can apply for this loan. 4. Small medium Enterprise NBL offers financial support to small businessmen/enterprise with new products named Festival Small Business Loan and NBL Small Business Loan has been introduced in the Bank. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Maximum Tk. 3. 00 lac (Festival Scheme) and Maximum Tk. 5. 00 lac (Small Business Scheme) ? 3 Months (Festival Scheme) and 5 years (including 1 month grace period (Small Business Scheme)) ? Collateral Free Advance. Eligibility ? Any genuine and small businessmen/ entrepreneurs/enterprise having honesty, sincerity, and integrity. 5. Consumer Credit Scheme NBL offers consumer credit facility for retail customers. Financing items ? Electronics consumer products. Computer or Computer accessories. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Fast processing. ? Competitive interest rate. ? No application or processing fee. ? Easy monthly installment. 6. Trade Finance NBL provides comprehensive banking services to all. types of commercial concerns such as in the industrial sector for export-import purpose as working capital, packing credit, trade finance, Issuance of Import L/Cs, Advising and confirming Export L/Cs. Bonds and Guarantees . Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Low interest rate 13. 00%-14. 50%. ? Minimum processing time. ? Low service charges. Cards 1. Credit card NBL Credit Card is accepted in many merchant outlets around the world. Our wide range of merchants include hotels, restaurants, airlines, travel agents, shopping malls and departmental stores, hospitals diagnostic centers, jewelers, electronics computer shops and many more. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? Dual Currency Card Facility. ? Lowest Rate of Interest. ? Lowest Card Fees. Special Discount of Card Fee *** condition applicable. ? You can transfer 80% amount of your Local Card Limit to any NBL A/c or have Pay Order Facility. ? No Excess Limit Charge. ? No Hidden Charges. 2. NBL Power Card NBL Power Card is the first debit card for which you don’t have to maintain any account with our any branch. Benefits (Condition Apply) ? It is a Pre-paid Card. ? Annual / Renewal Fee Tk. 200/- only. ? May be issued and refilled from RFCD/FC Account. ? Accepted at all VISA POS merchants. Cash withdrawal at all ATM booths bearing VISA and Q-cash logo(Except HSBC in Bangladesh). ? Drawing of Cash: (i) from NBL ATMs Free of charges (ii) From ATMs under Q-cash network- Tk. 10. 00 per transaction (iii) From other ATM Tk. 100. 00 per transaction. ? Cash Withdrawal Fee (aboard)-2. 00% on the cash drawn amount or US$2. 00, whichever is higher. ? Only 1% loading fee against both International and Local Power Card at the time of Refilling. ? Yearly Tk. 100 for enrollment of SMS service. Account Opening ? 2 copies of your recent photograph. ? Nominees Photograph. ? National ID Card ? Birth Certificate BALANCE SHEET As at 31 December 2009 |PROPERTY ASSETS |2009 2008 | |Cash |6,843,689,881 |5,421,055,640 | |Balance with other Banks Financial Institution |2,490,371,694 |1,174,813,554 | |Money at call short notice |1,359,800,000 |3,089,900,000 | |Investments |12,315,204,277 |9,156,612,128 | |Loans advances |64,962,312,154 |50,665,074,783 | |Fixed assets including land, building, furniture fixtures |1,815,564,664 |1,583,387,810 | |Other assets |1,740,385,536 |716,430,198 | |Non-banking assets |384,788,241 |397,763,841 | |TOTAL ASSETS |91,912,1 16,447 |72,205,037,954 | | | | | |LIABILITIES CAPITAL |2009 |2008 | |Liabilities-Borrowing from other Banks, Financial Institution |1,390,919,847 |1,256,555,900 | |Agents | | | |Deposits other accounts |76,814,651,280 |60,187,435,050 | |Other liabilities |4,789,781,786 |4,634,780,266 | |TOTAL LIABILITIES |82,995,352,913 |66,078,771,216 | |TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |8,916,763,534 |6,126,266,738 | |TOTAL LIABILITIES SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |91,912,116,447 |72,205,037,954 | Liquidity statement (Assets liabilities maturity analysis) As at 31 December 2009 |Particulars |Not more than 1 month |1-3 month term |3-12 months term |1-5 years term |Above 5-years term |total | | |term | | | | | | Assets Cash in hand |1,290,177,054 |- |- |- |- |1,290,177,054 | |Balance with |5,553,512,827 |- |- |- |- |5,553,512,827 | |Bangladesh Bank | | | | | | | |its agent Bank | | | | | | | |Balance with other |1,919,750,009 |295,821,685 |200,000,000 |74,800,000 |- |2,490,371,694 | |Banks financial | | | | | | | |institutions | | | | | | | |Money at call |1,359,800,000 |- |- |- |- |1,359,800,000 | |short notice | | | | | | |Investments |276,548,223 |821,213,870 |2,433,641,609 |1,004,424,171 |7,779,376,404 |12,315,204,277 | |Loans Advances |251,369,000 |6,428,422,500 |23,499,478,750 |27,813,652,000 |4,649,389,904 |64,962,312,154 | |Fixed assets |26,401,403 |52,802,806 |237,612,627 |1,203,447,457 |295,300,371 |1,815,564,664 | |Other assets |333,886,810 |667,409,160 |739,089,567 |- |- |1,740,385,536 | |Non-banking assets |- |- |- |384,788,241 |- |384,788,241 | |TOTAL ASSETS |13,331,445,326 |8,265,670,020 |27,109,822,552 |30,481,111,869 |12,724,006,679 |91,912,116,447 | Liabilities Borrowings from other |315,909,987 |231,819,974 |843,189,886 |- |- |1,390,919,847 | |Banks,Financial Institution | | | | | | | |Agents | | | | | | | |Deposits other accounts |12,327,012,687 |6,789,670,173 |23,763,845,604 |30,624,351,651 |3,309,771,165 |76,814,651,280 | |Other liabilities |409,713,507 |828,671,700 |1,758,041,643 |1,751,983,422 |41,371,514 |4,789,781,786 | |TOTAL LIABILITIES |13,052,636,181 |7850,161,847 |26,365,077,133 |32,376,335,073 |3,351,142,679 |82,995,352,913 | |NET LIQUIDITY GAP |278,809,145 |415,508,174 |744,745,419 |(1,895,223,204) |9,372,924,000 |8,916,763,534 | INCOME STATEMENT For the year ended 31 December 2009 PROFIT LOSS ACCOUNTs |2009 |2008 | |Interest income |6,818,466,566 |5,786,710,797 | |Less: Interest paid on deposits borrowings |4,489,636,114 |3,594,841,261 | |Net interest income |2,328,830,452 |2,191,869,536 | |Investment income |1,779,316,931 |938,915,231 | |Commission, exchange brokerage |1,448,972,295 |1,510,479,954 | |Other operating income |935,365,402 |654,912,889 | |TOTAL OPERATING INCOME |6,492,485,080 |52,961,776,101 | |TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES |3,114,118,992 |2,173,109,713 | |Profit before provision |3,378,366,088 |3,123,067,897 | |Specific provision |25,000,000 |25,000,000 | |General provision |175,000,000 |270,000,000 | |TOT AL PROVISION |200,000,000 |295,000,000 | |Profit before taxes |3,178,366,088 |2,828,067,897 | |Profit transferred from off shore Banking Unit |19,129,827 |756,516 | Profit before taxes (including) |3,197,495,915 |2,828,824,413 | |Provision for taxation |1,150,000,000 |1,310,000,000 | |Deferred taxes |(22,974,549) |1,389,931 | | |1,127,025,451 |1,311,389,931 | |Net profit after taxation |2,070,470,464 |1,517,434,482 | |Retained earnings brought forward from previous year |975,132,271 |687,825,162 | | |3,045,602,735 |2,205,259,644 | |Statutory reserve |(639,499,183) |(565,613,366) | |Transfer from general reserve |135,000,000 |- | |Dividend |(973,815,007) |(664,514,007) | | |(1,478,314,190) |(1,230,127,373) | |Retained earnings carried forward |1,567,288,545 |975,132,271 | |Earnings per share |72. 74 |53. 1 | RATIO ANALAYSIS FOR 2009 ? Current ratio : current assets/current liabilities = 35,388,824,017/47,267,875,161 = 0. 748 times. FOR 2008 ? Current ratio : current assets/current li abilities = 23,228,911,038/18,569,065,016 = 1. 249 times. 2008 is better than 2008. FOR 2009 ? Return on assets : Net income(profit)/total assets = 2,070,470,464/91,912,116,447 = 0. 022*100 = 2. 2%. FOR 2008 Return on assets : Net income(profit)/total assets = 1,517,434,482/72,205,037,954 = 2. 1%. 2009 is better than 2008. FOR 2009 ? Return on equity : Net income(profit)/total stock holder equity = 2,070,470,464/8,916,763,534 = 0. 232*100 = 23. 2%. FOR 2008 ? Return on equity : Net income(profit)/total stock holder equity = 1,517,434,482/6,126,266,738 = 0. 247*100 = 24. 7%. 2008 is better than 2009. FOR 2009 ? Debt to total assets : total debt/total assets 82,995,352,913/91,912,116,442 = 0. 902*100 = 90. 2%. FOR 2008 ? Debt to total assets : total debt/total assets = 66,075,037,954 = 0. 915*100 = 91. 5%. Less debt 2009 than 2008. Financial Statement Analysis Comparative analysis |Item |Year |Year |Comparative |Percentage | | |2009 |2008 |analysis | | |Cash |6,843,689,881 |5,421, 055,640 |1,422,634,241 |26. 4% | |Balance with other bank and |2,490,371,694 |1,174,813,554 |1,315,558,140 |111. 96% | |Financial Institution | | | | | |Money at call and short notice |1,359,800,000 |3,089,900,000 |(1,730,100,000) |55. 99% | |Investment |12,315,204,277 |9,156,612,128 |3,158,592,149 |34. 49% | |Loan and Advance |64,962,312,154 |50,665,074,783 |14,297,237,371 |28. 1% | |Fixed Assets |1,815,564,664 |1,583,387,810 |232,176,854 |14. 66% | |Including land, building, | | | | | |furniture, and fixtures | | | | | |Other Assets |1,740,385,536 |716,430,198 |1,023,955,338 |142. 92% | |Non-Banking assets |384,788,241 |397,763,841 |(12,975,600) |3. 6% | |Total Assets |91,912,116,447 |72,205,037,954 |19,707,078,493 |27. 29% | |Liabilities(borrowing from other|1,390,919,847 |1,256,555,900 |134,363,947 |10. 69% | |bank, Financial Institution and | | | | | |agent | | | | | |Deposit and other account |76,814,651,280 |60,187,435,050 |16,627,216,230 |27. 2% | |Other liabilities |4,789,7 81,786 |4,634,780,266 |155,001,520 |3. 34% | |Total liabilities |82,995,352,913 |66,078,771,216 |16,916,581,697 |25. 60% | |Shareholders Equity |8,916,763,534 |6,126,266,738 |2,790,496,796 |45. 54% | |Total liabilities and share |91,912,116,447 |72,205,037,954 |19,707,078,493 |27. 29% | |holder equity | | | | | Financial Statement Analysis Common size analysis |Item |Year |Year | | |2009 |2008 | |Cash |7. 44% |7. 50% | |Balance with other bank and Financial Institution |2. 70% |1. 62% | |Money at call and short notice |1. 47% |4. 7% | |Investment |13. 39% |12. 68% | |Loan and Advance |70. 67% |70. 16% | |Fixed Assets |1. 97% |2. 19% | |Including land, building, furniture, and fixtures | | | |Other Assets |1. 89% |0. 9% | |Non-Banking assets |0. 41% |0. 55% | |Total Assets |100% |100% | |Liabilities(borrowing from other bank, Financial |1. 51% |1. 74% | |Institution and agent | | | |Deposit and other account |83. 7% |83. 35% | |Other liabilities |5. 21% |6. 41% | |Total liabilities |90. 29% |91. 51% | |Shareholders Equity |90. 29% |8. 48% | |Total liabilities and share holder equity |100% |100% | SWAT ANALAYSIS Every organization has some strength that helps it to survive, some weakness that push it backward, some opportunities that helps it to compete and also some threats that keeps it aware. NBL also has some SWOTs. These are mentioned below. Strengths of organization ? Stakeholder and customer are main Strength. ? Strong branch network. ? Committed to ensure high customer service. ? True accountability. ? Efficiency and loyalty of all sorts. ? Enough human resources. ? Knowledge enhancement. ? New technology. ? Enough local and foreign branches. ? Good management. ? Enough current money collection periods. ? Priorities identified the Corporate Plan to be implemented: ? Enhancing national and international presence as envisaged in the Vision of the Bank. Consolidation of the Bangladesh Operations by opening more branches. ? Maintain the most preferred bank status for Trade Finance. ? Increase the present credit card base. ? Improve exchange turnover and market share. ? Improve the risk m anagement infrastructure. ? Improve key performance ratio. ? Focus the new business by talking the opportunities favoring the Bangladesh economy. Weakness of organization The organization does not have a diversified range of products services. Still the bank is not fully computerized. Manual registers are used in some cases. However, the income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share on the retail market. It caters less the corporate market than the SCB. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. The retail sector is very price sensitive. But it pays very less interest than other banks. So, if they found higher interest rate offering by other private banks of Bangladesh then they will loose customers. It has less promotion campaign than the other bank, because they believe brand value is the top promoting entity for the company. Opportunity of organization National Bank Limited is a customer oriented financial institution. It remains dedicated to meet up with the ever growing expectations of the customer because at National Bank, customer is always at the center. NBL has a goodwill that it provides different banking services to the people with a minimum cost and cut a very little charge on its transactions. Although it already has 100 branches to provide services to its customers, it also has the opportunity to build up more branches to make more convenient for the customers. The banking business of NBL and its other social activities have increased day by day. Sophisticate customer service scheme of the NBL more preferable to customers than other banks. Products services development offers NBL many opportunities. There is the opportunity to develop products and services such as insurance business huge investment in capital market etc. Such high value items will tend to have associated with them, high profits. There are also global marketing events that can be utilized to support the brand such as the sports other cultural activities. Threats of Organization NBL is exposed to the international nature of trade. It has to deals in different currencies and so costs and margins are not stable over long periods of time. Such an exposure could mean that NBL may be doing banking business at a loss. The new technology emerges to protecting the currency value use options for better credit rate earnings. The market for banking sector is very competitive. The model developed by NBL to be world’s local bank is now commonly used and to an extent is no longer a basis for sustainable competitive advantage. Competitors are developing alternative brands to take away the market share of NBL. The roles and regulation of the government and conventional laws of Bangladesh are also act as threats for the growth of banking business development in Bangladesh. As discussed above in weaknesses, the retail banking sector is becoming price competitive. This ultimately means that retail consumers are transacting in bank around for a better deal. So if NBL charges a comparative high price for a bank account service, or loan rate service, then the customers could go to the other bank to compare fees charges for the exactly the same services, and will take decision the cheaper of the two. Such customer’s price sensitivity is a potential external threat to HSBC. Converting Threats into Opportunities NBL has to expose its international nature of trade more efficiently. It has to recover costs and maintains margins over long periods of time. The new technology has to use to protecting the currency value use options for better credit rate earnings. NBL has to come to with other sort of criterion that’s why the competitor have to fight very long to copy that exposure. NBL has to give a better deal in the banking fees charges for the customers for the retail banking sector. Converting Weakness into Strength NBL has to focus equally to both ranges of customers either retail or corporate. It has to build up a proper strategy that’s why the corporate customers can be interested to open more of corporate account in NBL. NBL also has to give higher interest rate for various products services to gain more market share in banking business. They have to advertise their brand name more . They can sponsor their name for various social activities which will bring up NBL value more to the local customers. They can also make social awareness to the local customers. CONCLUSION Today National Bank Limited has proved the long way of continuous success. This Bank not only concentrates on business growth, but also concern about Corporate Social Responsibility. In line with that NBL foundation long ago in 1989. It has experienced successive growth in the recent past. As all the activities those are required to provide valuable services to its customers to make them satisfy, are related with the fund management system, NBL is so much careful about its fund management system. NBL always gives its highest attention in monitoring and managing the bank fund, which is consists of fund, capital, reserve, deposit, loan and advance. At present NBL is successful in effectively and efficiently managing these vital issues. In spite of that, in order to keep its success continue and reach at the pinnacle of success it, its managers, board of directors and employee must have the comprehensive and clear idea about the reserve, fund, loan, capital, deposit and liquidity regarding the smooth control of bank and continue its vital operation toward country’s economic[pic][pic][pic][pic] Page2